This is individual work and it should be as brief as possible. Ensure that you post your findings in this blog
Investigate any 3 I.T systems for law enforcement of immigration and passport control:
For each system
a) Describe how the technology work.
b) The advantages and disadvantages.
c) Social and ethical concerns arising from the technology
d) Suggest one feasible solution to the one of the main problem of the technology.
5 comments:
Politics and government: Immigration and passport control.
Describe how the technology work.
National identity cards.
The idea is that every person in the UK carries around an electronic card containing their fingerprints and other biometric data along with a photograph etc, which anyone wanting proof of identity can ask for.
Advantages:
- It will reduce crime and terrorism.
- It will also be convenient for opening bank accounts and so on as proof identity.
- Having one identity card rather than having the usual licence and passport to prove your identity.
Disadvantages:
- Citzens might not want to prove who they are wherever and whenever.
- they already have documents to prove ID (passport, driving licence, so why another one).
- Paying for another document could be expensive.
It may not be secure, there is a chance of fake ID cards being used for identity theft.
Social and ethical concerns:
People might no be willing to pay and to go through the procedures because they already have identity, so why more?
It could not be secure, anyone could track down the identity and invade the privacy.
Governments will have to be well organized and handle everything well.
One of the main problems to this technology is that where the government is going to keep all the information and identity of people has to be kept Secure, private, anomity. Because if someone hacks into it, then all the citizens are going to be tracked down which will be a great deal to the government.
Therefore they should have expert security and keep information confidential.
Aarfa.
Biometric access control systems - Smilart Passport Control (Validator)
Smilart Passport Control (Validator) is a hardware and software system used for match of an identity document with a photo and its holder.
General scheme of working process:
1 an identity document is produced to the system;
2 the data (photo and birth date) are read from the document;
3 the holder’s face and the document photo are compared;
the system decides if the document and the holder match.
The system use face and symbol recognition technologies.
Advantage:
• A user doesn’t need to enter the passport data manually, compare the passport photo with a holder’s face and verify the document authenticity.
• fewer employees’ mistakes
• better quality of customer service;
• less tension of users at work
disadvantages:
• the system can be hacked and the hacker can make sure that certain people(terrorist) are accepted in some countries.
Social and ethical concerns.
• If someone got hurt, and there is a scar on his/her face, now the face recognition will fail to find the matching between the holder and the passport.
• If a person changes hair style or color, it will not recognize it.
Solutions:
• Improve security by adding Firewalls
• Regular virus scan
Facial recognition
Introduction:
This system basically scans the overall skull structure, in addition to eye, nose and mouth position, to confirm identification by comparing those characteristics with previously stored metric information in the form of videos and images/pictures.
Pros and cones:
Pros:
• This technology can be used on both photos and videos which can be easily attained from photographs taken and security cctv videos which are easier to attain than fingerprints and DNA.
• It can be done very fast and thus do not allow the formation of long lines at the airport passport controls.
Cons:
• It is less accurate than the finger print scanner and iris scanner since it is more difficult to attain the difference in people faces for example when scanning twins.
• Just like the iris scanner, when bought it is expensive and needs people to be trained on how to use it which is expensive.
• This technology can be used to track people easily since you only need videos and photos of the people and reduce privacy.
Social and ethical concerns arising from the technology:
Surveillance: this technology can be used to track somebody around everywhere easily since it uses photos and videos that can be easily attained.
Reliability: this technology is not as accurate as the fingerprint and iris recognition thus causing chances of innocent people getting caught.
Policies: This technology can be easily accessed by terror organitations and used to track people around and reduce their privacy.
Solution to a problem of the technology:
This technology should only be held by the government so as not to allow innocent people to be tracked around by stalkers who may want to harm them in one way or another.
Reference:
• Bonsor, K. (n.d.). HowStuffWorks "How Facial Recognition Systems Work". HowStuffWorks "Electronics". Retrieved October 9, 2011, from
Iris recognition:
Introduction:
Iris recognition is a biometric scan technique that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of the irides (a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupils and thus the amount of light reaching the retina) of an individual's eyes, whose complex random patterns are unique and can be seen from some distance.
Pros and cons:
Pros:
• Unlike the finger print that can be altered after years of hard labour thus cauisng damage and wearing off the patterns on the fingerprint, the iris stays untauched and unchanged for years due to the amount of protection the iris has from damage and thus stays the same for years.
• Their is normally 99% accuracy in every scan due to the uniqueness of everyones iris.
• Scanning the iris is like taking a picture aand thus is done very fast atn the passport control stations/booths so as not to have large ques at the passport control in the airport.
Cons:
• When newly introduced into a country, the officieal at the passport control desks must be trained on how to use the technolo0gy which is a high cost.
• This technology is quite an expensive technology since it is high end tecghnology.
• This technology may not work for people with genetic disabilities that do not allow them to have an iris.
Social and ethical concerns arising from the technology:
Reliability: If the system of authentification fails to work well, innocent people can be accused impersonating someone and stealing their identity.
Authenticity: Since this technology is very accurate, whenit is well maintained, it would make sure that only the perpetrators are arrested while trying to impersonate and use other people’s identity.
Surveillance: this technology can be used to track somebody since the iris scan can be done on a video recording from surveillance camera’s if the person being tracked looks into the camera thus his identity can be found through his eyes.
Policies: This type of technology is mostly held only for government uses and cannot be released to the public due to privacy issues through the use og the iris scanner being used to stalk someone.
Solution to a problem of the technology:
Constant maintainance of the system can ensure that it is working at 100% efficiency so that is does not fail and cause accusationtowards innocent people.
Reference:
• Iris Scanner | Iris Recognition. (n.d.). Biometrics Solutions | Biometrics Applications | findBIOMETRICS.com. Retrieved October 9, 2011, from http://www.findbiometrics.com/iris-recognition/
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